Some Roman coins from various emperors.

Full name: Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius Life span: AD 86-161 Antoninus Pius was a senator and consul. He was named by Hadrian as his successor until his heir Marcus became old enough to take the position. Marcus didn't want to be emperor but wanted to study philosophy and Antoninus remained emperor until he died. His reign was a peaceful and prosperous period.

Gold, 20 mm, 7.26 gm
Struck: AD 155-156 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
ANTONINVS AVG PIVS P P IMP II
Reverse:
Antoninus wearing toga, standing left, holding globe in right hand
TR POT XIX COS IIII

He's holding the globe because "Rome rules the world"

Full name: Flavius Theodosius Life span: AD 401-450 Theodosius II was the Eastern Roman Emperor for most of his life, almost 50 years. He presided over wars with the Huns, Vandals, and Persians, continued to fortify Constantinople, and Christian religious disputes between the main church and sects.

Gold, 22 mm, 4.18 gm
Struck: AD 424-425 Constantinople
Obverse:
Diademed, helmeted and cuirassed head facing 3/4 left
Spear over right shoulder and shield decorated with horseman on left arm
DN THEODO SIVS PF AVG
Reverse:
Theodosius standing facing holding labarum (pole with sign) and globe with cross, star to left
GLORORVI S TERRAR Z (Gloria Orbis Terrarum, Officina Z)
CONOB in exergue
(Gloria Orbis Terrarum is "Glory over the world")

Full name: Gaius Julius Caesar Life span: BC 100-44 Julius Caesar was a Roman general who became the first Roman Emperor. He became a dictator and was later assassinated.

Silver, 19 mm, 3.99 gm
Struck: BC 49-48 Traveling with Caesar
Obverse:
Elephant facing right trampling on a serpent or a Gallic war trumpet
CAESAR
Reverse:
Emblems of the pontificate:
Simpulum (ladle), sprinkler, axe and apex (priest's hat)

Full name: Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus Life span: BC 63 - AD 14 Augustus was a great nephew of Julius Caesar who adopted him as heir to the throne. He became sole ruler after battles with other generals and had a long reign.

Bronze, 25 mm, 9.67 gm
Struck: Around BC 7 P. Lurius Agrippa moneyer
Obverse:
Bare head facing right
CAESAR AVGVST PONT MAX TRIBVNIC POT
Reverse:
P LVRIVS AGRIPPA IIIVIR AAAFF around large SC

Full name: Tiberius Claudius Nero Caesar Life span: BC 42 - AD 37 Tiberius was a Roman general who was a step-son and son-in-law to Augustus and was named as his heir. The ministry and crucifixion of Jesus Christ occurred during his reign.

Silver, 20 mm, 3.59 gm
Struck: AD 14-37 Lugdunum (Lyon)
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
[TI CAESAR DIVI] AVG F AVGVSTVS
Reverse:
Livia as Pax seated right, holding reversed spear and olive branch
PONTIF MAXIM

This coin is believed to be the "Tribute Penny" mentioned in the Bible.
Lugdunum was the main mint of Rome until Caligula had it moved to Rome.
The one line beneath chair is a variety.

Full name: Gaius Caesar Germanicus Life span: AD 12-41 "Caligula" was the nickname for Gaius Germanicus. It meant "little boots." Caligula was an adoptive grandson of Tiberius and succeeded him as emperor. His reign was known for various excesses and he was assassinated after reportedly becoming insane.

Bronze, 30 mm, 11.19 gm
Struck: AD 37-38 Rome
Obverse:
Bare head facing left
C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT
Reverse:
Vesta seated left, holding bowl and scepter
VESTA above, S C across field

Full name: Claudius Nero Caesar (born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus) Life span: AD 37-68 Nero was adopted by Claudius and became his heir. He became emperor at the age of 16 He made public appearances as an actor, poet, and musician. He was assassinated after turning 30.

Bronze, 33 mm, 22.48 gm
Struck: AD 67 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
(IMP NERO) CLAVD CAESAR AVG GERM PM TRP XIII PP
Reverse:
Roma seated left on cuirass, holding long scepter and resting left arm on shield
Large S C at sides
ROMA in exergue

Full name: Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus Life span: AD 53-117 Trajan was a general who held several military posts and was adopted as heir by Nerva. When he became emperor he launched a massive building program and then a series of conquests. He died while returning to Rome from the conquest of Parthia.

Silver, 19 mm, 3.04 gm
Struck: AD 113 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
TRAIANO AVG GER DAC PM TRP COS VI PP
Reverse:
Goddess reclining left on rocks with wheel and branch
SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI
VIA TRAIANA in exergue

This coin commemorates the opening of a road, the "Via Traiana", built in AD 109 from Beneventum to Brundusium in Italy.

Full name: Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Life span: AD 76-138 Hadrian was a general who married Trajan's grand-niece. Trajan named him as heir and as emperor he made a five year grand tour of the Roman Empire. He was one of the most capable emperors in the history of Rome.

Bronze, 20 mm, 4.94 gm
Struck: AD 129-130 Alexandria Egypt
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
AVT KAI TPAI AΔPRIA CEB (Emperor Caesar Trajan Hadrian Augustus)
Reverse:
Cobra erect with head left, hood spread, crowned with horns and disc, poppy and grain ear
L to left, IΔ to right (Regnal Year 14 - L=Year I=10 Δ=4)

The cobra Uraeus was a symbol of royalty and divine authority in ancient Egypt.

Bronze, 18 mm, 4.98 gm
Struck: AD 126-127 Alexandria Egypt
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
AVT KAI - TRAI AΔPIA CEB (Emperor Caesar Trajan Hadrian Augustus)
Reverse:
Deer standing right, head looking upward
L to left, IA to right (Regnal Year 11 - L=Year I=10 A=1)

Full name: Titus Aurelius Fulvius Boionius Arrius Antoninus Pius Life span: AD 86-161 Antoninus Pius was a senator and consul. He was named by Hadrian as his successor until his heir Marcus became old enough. Marcus didn't want to be emperor but wanted to study philosophy and Antoninus remained emperor until he died. His reign was a peaceful and prosperous period.

Silver, 18 mm, 3.52 gm
Struck: AD 156-157 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
ANTONINVS AVG PIVS PP IMP II
Reverse:
Salus seated left, feeding serpent rising from altar
TR POT XX COS IIII
Salus was a popular figure on Roman coins

Full name: Marcus Annius Aurelius Verus (also Marcus Aurelius Antoninus) Life span: AD 121-180 Marcus Aurelius became emperor upon the death of Antoninus Pius. His reign involved wars with Parthia and Germany.

Silver, 18 mm, 3.22 gm
Struck: AD 169-170 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
M ANTONINVS AVG TRP XXIIII
Reverse:
Salus standing left, holding scepter and feeding snake on altar from a bowl
SALVTI AVG COS III

Full name: Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Life span: AD 161-192 Commodus was the natural son of Marcus Aurelius and succeeded him in AD 180. He had a wild reign, participating in gladiator games as a contestant and promoting himself as the reincarnation of Hercules. After several assassination attempts, he was murdered on New Year's Day 193 by his girlfriend. He was the emperor who gave Russell Crowe such a bad time in the movie "Gladiator."

Silver, 17 mm, 3.32 gm
Struck: AD 192 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
L AEL AVREL CO-MM AVG P FEL
Reverse:
Libertas standing front, holding felt cap and rod
LIB AVG PM TRP XVII COS VII PP

Full name: Lucius Septimius Severus Life span: AD 145-211 Septimius Severus was a Roman general and when Commodus died he and several other generals fought for the position of emperor. He defeated the other generals and had a long reign of wars, including one with Britain. He died in York, England.

Silver, 18 mm, 2.95 gm
Struck: AD 200 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate head facing right
SEVERVS AVG PART MAX
Reverse:
Victory flying left holding open wreath in both hands over round shield set on low base.
PM TRP VIII COS II PP

"PART MAX" = Parthicus Maximus

Full name: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Life span: AD 204-222 Elagabalus was given that name after he died. He was a descendant by marriage of Septimius Severus. He became emperor at the age of 14 and his short reign was a series of affronts to the Roman people, including sexual deviancy and the promotion of Syrian gods. He had been a priest of the Syrian god Elagabal and he was given this name after he died. He was murdered in AD 222.

Silver, 20 mm, 2.85 gm
Struck: AD 219 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate and draped head facing right
IMP CAES ANTONINVS AVG
Reverse:
Victory advancing right holding wreath and palm
VICTOR ANTONINI AVG

Silver, 21 mm, 3.76 gm, Catalog: RIC 46
Struck: AD 221 Rome
Obverse:
Horned, laureate, and draped head facing right
IMP ANTONINVS PIVS AVG
Reverse:
Elagabalus in Syrian priest dress standing left sacrificing out of bowl over lighted altar,
holding branch or club, star with elongated vertical tail left
PM TRP IIII COS III PP
Supposedly the star with the elongated tail is Halley's Comet which made an appearance in AD 218.

Full name: Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus Thrax Life span: AD 173-238 Maximinus was a Roman wrestler, reportedly over eight feet tall, who became a soldier and then a general. Upon the murder of emperor Severus Alexander he was proclaimed emperor by the army. His reign was one of cruelty and he was murdered by his own soldiers.

Silver, 22 mm, 2.59 gm
Struck: AD 235-238 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate, draped and cuirassed head facing right
IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG
Reverse:
Salus seated left, feeding from bowl a serpent arising from altar
SALVS AVGVSTI

Silver, 20 mm, 2.98 gm
Struck: AD 235-236 Rome
Obverse:
Laureate, draped and cuirassed head facing right
IMP MAXIMINVS PIVS AVG
Reverse:
Victory advancing right, raising wreath in right, palm frond over shoulder in left
VICTORIA AVG

Full name: Flavius Valerius Constantinus Life span: AD 285-337 Constantine was a Roman general and nobleman. He defeated several other generals to become the emperor. He organized the worship of the Roman sun god Sol Invictus. He had a long reign which included moving the capital from Rome to the new city of Constantinople and recognizing Christianity as a legitimate religion.

Bronze, 19 mm, 2.50 gm
Struck: AD 326-328 Thessalonica
Obverse:
Diademed head facing right
CONSTANTINVS AVG
Reverse:
Camp gate with two turrets and star above
PROVIDENTIAE AVGG
SMTS Delta in exergue

The Constantine "Camp Gate" coins are very common