The Mughal Empire was a Islamic kingdom which lasted from AD 1526 to 1857. Its territory included most of India and part of Afghanistan. Its capital was Agra (Akbarabad) and briefly Fatehpur Sikri. Their dynasty was called the "Timurid" dynasty after Timur (AD 1336-1405), the Turko-Mongol conqueror of much of Asia who was also known as Tamerlane or Timur the Lame.

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Aurangzeb: Life: AD 1618-1707 Reign: AD 1658-1707 (AH 1068-1118)

Aurangzeb removed the Islamic religious inscriptions from his coins as he was worried that if a coin fell to the ground an infidel could step on the "Word of God."

The Muslim Kalima or statement of faith sometimes appears on Mughal coins in part or whole. It is "There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah." The coin dates are in Islamic lunar years which start from AD 622 and are 355 days long. They are abbreviated "AH" and the formula for converting an AH year to an AD year is (AH Year)*0.97 + 622. The holes in some of the coins are made by silver testers to check the purity of the silver in the coins. They are called "shroff" marks after the local name for money changers. Sometimes an inscription will be missing due to being struck off the planchet.

Gold, 21 mm, 10.97 gm
Obverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir (King, Ornament of the Throne, Conqueror of the World)
Line 2: Sikkah Zad Chu Mihr Monir (Coin struck like shining sun)
Line 3: Dar Jahan (In the world)
Reverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Maimanat Manus (associated with tranquil prosperity)
Line 2: Sanat Julus 2x (Year of his reign 2 missing second digit)
Line 3: Zarb Aurangabad (Struck Aurangabad)
(Struck Aurangabad in year 49 of his reign associated with tranquil prosperity)
The year "1091" is on the obverse top. AH 1091 is around AD 1680.
The regnal year first digit "2" is on the reverse right.
Aurangzeb's official accession date was AH 1058, Ramadan (ninth month), first day or 1058-9-1.
If the coin was struck before the date 1091-9-1 then the regnal year would be 23 and if after
the date 1091-9-1 the regnal year would be 24.
Aurangabad is a city in western India and home of the famous Ajanta and Ellora monastery-temple caves.

Silver, 22 mm, 11.36 gm
Obverse: Square with two lines inside it and four lines around it
Square upper: Badshah Ghazi (Emperor and fighter for Islam)
Square lower: Shah Alamgir (King Conqueror of the World)
Square left: Abul Muzaffar (Father of victory)
Square top: Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad (Preserver religion of Muhammad)
Square right: Aurangzeb (Ornament of the Throne)
Square bottom: Bahadur Sanat 1081 (Brave in the year struck 1081)
Reverse: Square with two lines inside it and four lines around it
Square upper: Akbarabad (Mint, the Mughal Capital and alternate name for Agra)
Square lower: Zarb (Struck at)
Square left: Julus (Reign)
Square top: Maimanat (Tranquil prosperity)
Square right: Manus (Associated)
Square bottom: Sanat 14 (Year 14 of his reign)
The year "1081" is on the obverse lower left. AH 1081 is around AD 1671.
The regnal year "14" is on the reverse bottom
Akbarabad was the Mughal name for the capital at Agra.

Silver, 24 mm, 11.49 gm
Obverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir (King, Ornament of the Throne, Conqueror of the World)
Line 2: Sikkah Munir Badr Cho Zad (Coin struck like shining full moon)
Line 3: Dar Jahan (In the world)
Reverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Manus Maimanat (Associated tranquil prosperity)
Line 2: Sanat 24 Julus (Year 24 of his reign)
Line 3: Zarb Surat (Struck Surat)
(Struck Surat in year 24 of his reign associated with tranquil prosperity)
The year "1091" is on the obverse top. AH 1091 is around AD 1680.
The regnal year "24" is on the reverse right.
Surat is located on the west coast of India and is a major port.

Silver, 24 mm, 10.14 gm
Obverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir (King, Ornament of the Throne, Conqueror of the World)
Line 2: Sikkah Munir Badr Cho Zad (Coin struck like shining full moon)
Line 3: Dar Jahan (In the world)
Reverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Manus Maimanat (Associated tranquil prosperity)
Line 2: Sanat 46 Julus (Year 46 of his reign)
Line 3: Zarb Surat (Struck Surat)
(Struck Surat in year 46 of his reign associated with tranquil prosperity)
The year "1113" is on the obverse top. AH 1113 is around AD 1680.
The regnal year "46" is on the reverse right.
This coin is from the Arthur C. Clarke Great Reef treasure and has been underwater for a long time.
Surat is located on the west coast of India and is a major port.

Silver, 25 mm, 11.36 gm
Obverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir (King, Ornament of the Throne, Conqueror of the World)
Line 2: Sikkah Munir Badr Cho Zad (Coin struck like shining full moon)
Line 3: Dar Jahan (In the world)
Reverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Manus Maimanat (Associated tranquil prosperity)
Line 2: Sanat 45 Julus (Year 45 of his reign)
Line 3: Zarb Surat (Struck Surat)
(Struck Surat in year 45 of his reign associated with tranquil prosperity)
The year "1113" is on the obverse top. AH 1113 is around AD 1680.
The regnal year "45" is on the reverse right.
This coin is not from the Arthur C. Clarke Great Reef treasure.
Surat is located on the west coast of India and is a major port.

Silver, 25 mm, 11.52 gm
Obverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir (King, Ornament of the Throne, Conqueror of the World)
Line 2: Sikkah Munir Badr Cho Zad (Coin struck like shining full moon)
Line 3: Dar Jahan (In the world)
Reverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Manus Maimanat (Associated tranquil prosperity)
Line 2: Sanat 48 Julus (Year 48 of his reign)
Line 3: Zarb Surat (Struck Surat)
(Struck Surat in year 48 of his reign associated with tranquil prosperity)
The year "1116" is on the obverse top. AH 1116 is around AD 1705.
The regnal year "48" is on the reverse right.
Surat is located on the west coast of India and is a major port.

Silver, 22 mm, 11.38 gm
Obverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Shah Aurangzeb Alamgir (King, Ornament of the Throne, Conqueror of the World)
Line 2: Munir Badr Cho Zad (Like shining full moon)
Line 3: Sikkah Dar Jahan (Coin struck in the world)
Reverse: Three horizontal lines of text
Line 1: Manus (associated)
Line 2: Maimanat (tranquil prosperity)
Line 3: Zarb Akbarabad Sanat Julus 49
(Struck Akbarabad in year 49 of his reign associated with tranquil prosperity)
The coin has no year visible.
The regnal year "49" is on the reverse lower left.
Akbarabad was the Mughal name for the capital at Agra.